1) Blood isolated from an emergency room patient contains

1) Blood isolated from an emergency room patient contains antibodies against the measles
virus. Please explain whether or not the patient should be quarantined immediately because
they are infected with the measles virus and why? What are the other plausible explanations for
anti-measles antibodies in the patient’s blood?

2) Describe how the clonal expansion theory explains the more rapid production of antigen
specific antibodies, Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells, during a secondary infection.

Need Help Writing an Essay?

Tell us about your assignment and we will find the best writer for your paper.

Write My Essay For Me

3) Positive diagnosis of AIDS is made when a patient has antibodies against the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Please explain why the patient has an immune deficiency if he or
she is making antibodies?
4) Characterize the differences and similarities between innate and adaptive immunity in form
and function.
5) What is the effect of discharging primary-treated sewage on the biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) and dissolved O2 (DO) of the receiving body of water? What is the effect of secondarytreated sewage on the BOD and DO?
6) A newspaper headline reported “Algal Bloom Kills Fish.” As you read, you find that the algae
did not produce toxins. Please explain what actually caused fish death, given that the algae are
not toxic? What could have caused the algal bloom?
7) Explain the data from a bioremediation experiment in Table 1 below.

Table 1: These results were obtained from a bioremediation experiment:

8) What is fermentation and how can it be used to preserve foods? Please give specific
examples in your explanation.
9) Compare and contrast how a farmer would use Rhizobium versus Bacillus thuringiensis? Are
there any other types of microbes the farmer could use for similar purposes?
Figure 1

10) Salmonella heidelberg gastroenteritis occurred on three cruises aboard the T.S.S. Festivale.
Figure 1 shows on-board clinic visits for diarrheal illness between February 10 and March 3.
a. Explain the incidence pattern shown on the graph.
b. What are probable modes of transmission?
c. What changes would you recommend before the ship books more cruises after March 3?