1. In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?

they have been investigated before

they are available to investigate

they are not of interest to you

they do not lead to another question

2. Identify and select the correct order of steps in scientific inquiry.

a. formulating a hypothesis, collecting relevant information, testing the hypothesis, working with the hypothesis

reconsidering the theory, asking new questions, identifying the important factors, collecting relevant information

asking the question, identifying the important factors, asking new questions, testing the hypothesis

asking new questions, reconsidering the theory, working with the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis

3. Nonexperimental research methods consist of which of the following?

test causal relationships between variables

only describe characteristics of existing phenomenon

can be descriptive, historical or correlational

examine factors that are not related

Hannah assigns children to different teaching method groups and tests their math performance after six weeks. This is an example of what type of research?

descriptive

historical

experimental

uncontrolled

5. Which of the following methods provides information about past trends?

historical

correlational

experimental

descriptive

Matthew thinks that there is a relationship between parenting style and self-esteem in children. Which research method should he use?

correlational

quasi-experimental

descriptive

historical

7. When variables compete to explain the same effects, what are they sometimes called?

contradictory

intertwining

confounding

interdependent

8. What is another term for the independent variable?

treatment variable

dependent variable

control variable

factorial variable

What type of variable masks the true relationship between the independent and dependent

variables?

extraneous variable

moderator variable

control variable

neutral variable

10. Why is a null hypothesis said to be implied?

a.lt’s always directly tested.

It’s never directly tested.

You do not need to test it to know that it is false.

It is stated in a question form.

The interpretation of “differences are significant” means that the differences found

are _

probably not due to chance

due to chance

creative outcomes

not dictated by the hypothesis

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12. The best dependent variable is defined by which of the following characteristics?

independent of any other variable in the same study

sensitive to changes in the treatment

can be manipulated by the researcher

interacts with the independent variable

13. Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?

personal experience

getting an idea from your advisor

looking for the next step in the research process

All of the above.

14. Which type of source is NOT typically included in a literature review?

tertiary sources

general sources

secondary sources

primary sources

15. What is one of the advantages of using online search services?

you are not likely to miss very much

this is an outdated method

it IS stated In a declarative form

you can enter the data for anyone reference using a standard form

16. Forcing someone to participate in a study is an example of what ethical issue/concern?

protection from harm

maintenance of privacy

informed consent

coercion

17. What is the best definition of an institutional review board?

a group of people who make decisions regarding an institution’s human resources

a group of people found in most public institutions and private agencies who render a

judgment as to whether experiments carried out in their facilities are free from risk

a group of people who review the literature produced by researchers in their

institution in order to keep an accounting of it

d. a group of people representing many different institutions who meet to review the

current literature in their respective fields

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18. What does the ethical principle of “sharing benefits” mean?

a. all participants in the same study should receive an equal share of the benefits or

subject payments

b. all those who belong to the population being studied will share equally from the

benefits the study produces

the results of studies must be shared with the public so society may benefit from the

increased knowledge

all groups involved in a study should eventually be given an opportunity to receive any

treatments that were found to be effective in the study

19. Which is NOT a component of informed consent?

the purpose of the research

who you are

how the participant can get a copy of the records

a computer simulation of the data

20. What is the purpose of a table of random numbers?

determine the number of subjects in a study

decide what statistical test to use

randomly assign people to groups

number items on a questionnaire

21. What does generalizability refer to?

results that may be applied to different populations in different settings

results that apply only to the sample studied

convenience sampling

using a table of random numbers

22. A table of random numbers _

is used in nonprobability sampling methods

can be used to create a stratified sample

works well with convenience sampling

is a list of ordered numbers from which the researcher closes his eyes and randomly

points until he obtains the desired number for his sample

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23. What is the most unbiased tool that can be used in random selection?

random sampling

table of random numbers

quota sampling

direct sampling

24. When is a stratified sample an appropriate sampling technique?

specific characteristics of the population are of no concern

individuals in a population are not equal

each member must have an equal chance of being selected

you have a small population

25. Which of the following is NOT a probability sampling method?

simple random sampling

quota sampling

stratified sampling

cluster sampling