131. In the summer of 2003, some marketing pundits proclaimed

131. In the summer of 2003, some marketing pundits proclaimed the existence of a new male market—the “metrosexual”—that was defined as straight urban men who enjoy such things as shopping and using grooming products and services. One researcher estimated that 30–35 percent of young American men exhibited metrosexual tendencies, as evidenced in part by their purchase of products such as skin-care cream and fragrances. What factors in your opinion are driving the existence of this metrosexual market?

132. Culture is the fundamental determinant of a person’s wants and behavior. The growing child acquires a set of values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors through his or her family and other key institutions. What values are the typical American young children exposed to?

133. Explain the concept of multicultural marketing.

134. An opinion leader is the person in informal, product-related communications who offers advice or information about a specific product or product category, such as which of several brands is best or how a particular product may be used. According to the text, how do marketers try to reach opinion leaders?

135. The family is the most important consumer-buying organization in society, and family members constitute the most influential primary reference group. We can distinguish between two family categorization in the buyer’s life. Name the two families and their impact on buying behavior

136. Explain the differences between a role and status.

137. Explain the concept of personality.

138. Each person has personality characteristics that influence his or her buying behavior. What does personality mean in terms of buying traits?

139. People from the same subculture, social class, and occupation may lead quite different lifestyles. A lifestyle is a person’s pattern of living in the world as expressed in activities, interests, and opinions. Lifestyle portrays the “whole person” interacting with his or her environment. Given this information, describe the LOHAS (an acronym) lifestyle described in the text and its usefulness in marketing.

140. According to Freudian theory, how can the technique called ladderingbe used?

141. Abraham Maslow sought to explain why people are driven by particular needs at particular times. Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. How does Maslow’s theory help marketers?

142. Frederick Herzberg developed a two-factor theory that distinguishes dissatisfiers and satisfiers. How does Herzberg’s theory affect sellers marketing strategy?

143. Perception is the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world. For a marketer, what is the key point of perception?

144. Explain the concept of selective retention and its association with marketing.

145. What does the learning theory teach marketers about demand for products?

146. Describe how the problem recognition process works in the five-stage model of the consumer buying process.

147. Through gathering information, the consumer learns about competing brands and their features. The consumer will then advance through four sets with respect to brands before a decision is reached. What are those four sets?

148. Explain the differences between a belief and an attitude.

149. Describe the lexicographic heuristic used to make consumer choices.

150. How can marketers learn about the stages in the buying process for their product? List and briefly characterize four methods