Despite the high risk of being caught by police with the help of their many informers,

Despite the high risk of being caught by police with the help of their many informers, some individuals and groups attempted to resist Nazism even in Germany. They were a model of spiritual resistance, and they stood firm for their religious belief: the _____. Many of them were put in concentration camps and marked with purple triangular badges.

Question 1 options:

	Jehovah’s Witnesses
	Gypsies
	Catholic German

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Question 2(2 points)

The “________” movement was founded in June 1942 by Hans Scholl, a 24-year-old medical student at the University of Munich, his 22-year-old sister Sophie, and 24-year-old Christoph Probst; they distributed anti-Nazi leaflets and painted slogans like “Down With Hitler!” In February 1943, they were caught, and executed.

Question 2 options:

	White Rose
	Red Tulip
	White Tulip

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Question 3(2 points)

Historian ________ initiated and directed a collection of diaries and documents chronicling the life of the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto, during German occupation.

Question 3 options:

	Haim Weizman
	Emanuel Ringelblum
	Alfred Dreyfus

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Question 4(2 points)

Despite difficulties, there was armed resistance in many ghettos. The most famous act was in the ____. Desperate and with few weapons, the remaining Jews of the ____ rose in revolt on the eve of Passover, April 19, 1943. Mordechai Anielewicz was the brave commander-in-chief of this armed uprising. This uprising came about as a result of the Jews learning that those being deported from the ghetto were not being resettled, they were being sent to Treblinka.

Question 4 options:

	Warsaw ghetto
	Vilna ghetto
	Theresientadt ghetto

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Question 5(2 points)

_____ was captured, tortured, and executed after parachuting into Yugoslavia and crossing the border into Hungary in an attempt to rescue allied prisoners and her mother.

Question 5 options:

	Olga Weitzman
	Hannah Szenes
	Hanna Weitzman

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Question 6(2 points)

At the end of October 1942, the Americans informed the Algerian resistance of their planned landings on the shores of Algeria and Morocco. Of the 377 resistance members who seized control of Algiers during the night of November 7-8; 315 were ______.

Question 6 options:

	Jews
	Arabs
	French

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Question 7(2 points)

There are many documented reports of the efforts made by individual non-Jews & whole nations who took great risks to save Jews. It is imperative that the world recognizes & remembers the stories of the rescuers, to help understand how the human values of kindness, dignity and compassion stayed alive during the most trying of circumstances. Those non-Jews who worked at great risk to their personal safety to save Jews became known as the ‘____________’

Question 7 options:

	Righteous Gentiles
	Nice Persons
	Decent Gentiles

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Question 8(2 points)

There is a museum in Israel, __________, devoted exclusively to the history of the Holocaust. The walkway, which terminates at the museum entrance is lined with carob trees, each dedicated to the memory of a person who rescued Jews.

Question 8 options:

	Yad Vashem
	The Holocaust Museum
	The Sho’a Museum

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Question 9(2 points)

An unlikely American secret agent who traveled to France in June of 1940 to help smuggle Jews through the tightly controlled French borders, with money, & false passports. He is credited with saving the lives of two to three thousand people

Question 9 options:

	John Smith
	Varian Fry
	Varian Smith

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Question 10(2 points)

The systematic murders perpetrated by the Nazis were carried out with the help of local collaborators in many countries and silently accepted by millions of bystanders. Residents of the Huguenot village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, southern France, helped about 5,000 _____ escape Nazi persecution between 1941-44.

Question 10 options:

	Jews
	Gypsies
	homosexuals

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Question 11(2 points)

_______ was the only occupied country that actively resisted the Nazi regime’s attempts to deport its Jewish citizens in 1943. This rescue effort was unique because it was nationwide. It also proved that widespread support for Jews and resistance to Nazi policies could save lives.

Question 11 options:

	France
	Denmark
	Sweden

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Question 12(2 points)

This Swedish diplomat helped save Jews of Hungary in summer and fall of 1944. More than 30,000 Jews received special Swedish passports from him. The Soviet Union admitted that he had been arrested and that he died in prison in 1947. He is honored by having his name given to the street on which a Holocaust Memorial Museum resides.

Question 12 options:

	Raoul Wallenberg
	Rudolf Hess
	Raoul Hess

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Question 13(2 points)

Britain gave refuge to children from Nazi Europe, and saved them by the “__________” – trains from Berlin, Vienna, Prague and elsewhere. The parents were left behind; most were killed.

Question 13 options:

	‘Operation children’
	“Kindertransport”
	“English Rescue”

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Question 14(2 points)

People did not help the Jews because of

Question 14 options:

	Antisemitism and indifference
	Fear of reprisals
	a and b

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Question 15(2 points)

Despite the fact that the U.S. received early reports about the desperate plight of European Jewry, immigration ______ were never increased for the emergency.

Question 15 options:

	List
	Quotas
	Numerus Clausus

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Question 16(2 points)

By 1942, many American newspapers were reporting stories about the mass murder of Jews. U.S. reconnaissance photos of a death camp in 1943 showed the lines of victims moving into the gas chambers, confirming other reports. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called for the death camp at _______ to be bombed. He was ignored.

Question 16 options:

	Auschwitz
	Warsaw
	Belzec

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Question 17(2 points)

Despite a report in 1943 providing details about the Final Solution, it was not until January 1944, however, that President Roosevelt responded by establishing the _____________ as an independent agency to rescue the civilian victims of the Nazis.

Question 17 options:

	War Refugee Board
	Evian Conference
	American Refugee Board

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Question 18(2 points)

The 1939 British ________ on Palestine, limiting Jewish immigration and the sale of land to Jews, was in part an attempt to win Arab support in the inevitable war against Germany.

Question 18 options:

	White Paper
	Red Paper
	Black

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Question 19(2 points)

Governments refused to get involved, because SOME

Question 19 options:

	Did not believe, for a while, that the Holocaust was occurring
	Had leaders which were antisemitic
	a and b

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Question 20(2 points)

The principal accusation leveled against Pope ____ is that, in the face of countless appeals, he consistently refused to speak out against the Nazis’ policy of annihilation. The drama, The Deputy, is a searing attack on this pope, whom Hochhut accuses of dereliction of duty. The author asks provocative questions about the church’s responsibility.

Question 20 options:

	Pius XII
	Urban II
	John II

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Question 21(2 points)

In 1944: Hitler takes over ____________and begins deporting 12,000 Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered; by July 8, 1944, 437,402 Jews from that country were deported to Auschwitz. This is most likely the single largest deportation of the Holocaust.

Question 21 options:

	France
	Hungary
	Denmark

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Question 22(2 points)

June 6, 1944: ______, Operation Overlord, Allies amphibious landing on the beaches of Normandy Beach. More than two million allied soldiers poured into France

Question 22 options:

	OO-Day
	D-Day
	A-Day

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Question 23(2 points)

In late 1944 the tide of the war had turned. Allied armies approached German soil, and the SS decided to evacuate. On January 18, 1945, those inmates capable of walking were evacuated and forced to march toward Germany under indescribably cruel conditions; many died ___

Question 23 options:

	In the crematoria
	During the death marches

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Question 24(2 points)

Camps like Bergen-Belsen, never intended for extermination, became death traps for thousands like _______________, who died of typhus in March 1945

Question 24 options:

	Anne Frank
	Janus Kortchak
	Hann Senech

Question 25(2 points)

Allies troops who stumbled upon the concentration camps were shocked at what they found. Upon encountering the Ohrdruf concentration camp, General Dwight D. _______, then Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe was overwhelmed with emotion; he forced villagers neighboring the camps to view what had occurred in their own backyards.

Question 25 options:

	Eisenhower
	Churchill
	Truman

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Question 26(2 points)

As the war appeared to be inevitably lost and his hand-picked lieutenants, seeing the futility, defied his orders, in his bunker, in the Chancellery building in Berlin, knowing that the “1,000 Year Reich” had lasted only a few years _______ killed himself on April 30, 1945.

Question 26 options:

	Eichmann
	Hitler
	Goebbels

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Question 27(2 points)

________ surrendered to the Allies on May 7, 1945. May 8 -officially “V – E Day”. By the end of the war, more than 55 million had died and 35 million wounded.

Question 27 options:

	Germany
	Italy
	Japan

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Question 28(2 points)

During the war, leaders of the US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met at wartime conferences in February 1945, to shape the Postwar World. Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin had met at Yalta in the Soviet Union. The Allies agreed to form the _____________ an international peacekeeping organization

Question 28 options:

	United Nations
	League of Nations
	a and b

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Question 29(2 points)

In 1948, the UN Commission has declared ___________ – extermination of an entire people, an illegal “crime under international law,” on Human rights.

Question 29 options:

	Genocide
	Ethnocentrism
	Eugenics

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Question 30(2 points)

The Hitler years demonstrated anew the power of the irrational & the precariousness of civilization. Personal accounts by survivors of the Holocaust are powerful. They connect us, person to person, with an era in history that is difficult, yet necessary, to comprehend. Elie Wiesel has been credited as the first to break the nearly twenty years of silence with his remarkable semi-fictionalized memoir, _______, a work inextricably associated with Holocaust literature.

Question 30 options:

	Souvenir
	Night
	Memories

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Question 31(2 points)

Sixty million refugees were made homeless by the war. And there were an estimated _____________ intended civilian victims, murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators, because of their race, religion, sexual preference, physical or mental handicap, ideological opposition, or resistance to Nazi genocide.

Question 31 options:

	Eleven million
	Four million
	Two million

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Question 32(2 points)

By the end of the war there were about ten million persons, who had been driven out of their native countries by the hostilities. Those unable to be repatriated, were put into _________ administered by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA).

Question 32 options:

	DP camps
	PP camps
	DD camps

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Question 33(2 points)

Many survivors were still in limbo, waiting for an opportunity to emigrate from Europe. The United States and Britain were the two countries in a position to help resolve this crisis. However, the U.S. was reluctant to increase its immigration ____.

Question 33 options:

	Quota
	Number
	Numerus Clausus

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Question 34(2 points)

Britain, which held Palestine as a _______ territory, was hesitant to take a stand that would alienate the Arabs, who did not want to see Palestine become a Jewish homeland.

Question 34 options:

	Mandated
	Protected
	Colonized

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Question 35(2 points)

American President Truman requested that the British grant 100,000 visa to Jews to enter Palestine; the British granted only 6,000 visas; but 40,000 other Jews _____ immigrated to Palestine.

Question 35 options:

	Legally
	Illegally

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Question 36(2 points)

In 1947, the ship “_________” with 4,500 Holocaust survivors headed for Palestine, was turned back to Germany by the British.

Question 36 options:

	Exodus
	St Louis
	Israel

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Question 37(2 points)

As early as October 1943, the allied countries created a War Crimes Commission and began the process of listing war criminals with the intent to prosecute. In a war-ravaged town in southern Germany, during 1945-46, twenty-one of twenty-four indicted Nazi leaders stood trial in the first series of what became known as the ______. The charges brought against these men were conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

Question 37 options:

	Nuremberg Trials
	Berlin Trials
	Munich Trials

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Question 38(2 points)

The United States government participated in several conspiracies to help war criminals elude justice. The U.S. ___________in the 1950s and 1960s was heavily influenced by the work of German scientists who had participated in war crimes.

Question 38 options:

	Rocket program
	Math program
	Moon program

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Question 39(2 points)

The Allies required the German government to begin making payments to war victims. In 1952, West Germany, the newly formed democratic nation, signed a treaty with ________ to pay reparations

Question 39 options:

	France
	Israel
	Poland

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Question 40(2 points)

Victory day came very late for the __________people. Great communities had been wiped off the face of the earth. The terror and the suffering defy description. Culturally, the _____ people had lost a vital part of their heritage.

Question 40 options:

	French
	Jewish
	Gypsy

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Question 41(2 points)

Their horrific experiences notwithstanding, theShahsurvivors were fiercely motivated to rebuild their personal and national lives. The devastation and the ashes gave rise to yearnings for a Jewish home from which they would never again be forced to flee. _________ and the struggle to settle there became a focal issue for the survivors.

Question 41 options:

	Palestine
	France
	United States

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Question 42(2 points)

On November 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly, by an overwhelming majority, recommended the ___________ . The Jews accepted this plan, but the Arab League rejected it.

Question 42 options:

	creation of Israel
	partition of Palestine
	partition of Israel

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Question 43(2 points)

On May 14, 1948, the Jews proclaimed the independent State of ______________. The next day, six neighboring Arab nations attacked the new independent state; an armistice ended the war in early 1949.

Question 43 options:

	Palestine
	Israel

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Question 44(2 points)

Having considered the declaration by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 96 (I) dated 11 December 1946, that ______ is a crime under international law, the Contracting Parties confirm that _____, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law, which they undertake to prevent and to punish.

Question 44 options:

	Deicide
	Genocide
	Eugenics

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Question 45(2 points)

An on-going aspect of the aftermath of the Holocaust has been the quest to track down and bring to justice Nazi war criminals, who escaped. _________ has devoted much of his life to hunting down Nazis in hiding and prosecuting them.

Question 45 options:

	Janus Korchak
	Simon Wiesenthal
	Chaim Weizmann

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Question 46(2 points)

In May 1960, __________, who had been in charge of the Nazi deportation units, which sent millions of Jews to their deaths, was kidnapped by Israeli agents in Argentina, to face trial in Israel. He was charged with crimes against Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, & others. He was sentenced to death, and executed at midnight May 31, 1962.

Question 46 options:

	Martin Borman
	Adolf Eichmann
	Joseph Mengele

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Question 47(2 points)

Following action by the United States Congress in 1980, the __________ was built in Washington, D.C., using private funding.

Question 47 options:

	United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
	Washington Monument for the Nazis Victims
	United States Shoah Museum

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Question 48(2 points)

The Governor of Pennsylvania, and other government officials in all over the nation, annually schedules a Holocaust observance program ceremony, to commemorate the “______.”

Question 48 options:

	Days of Remembrance
	Days of Mourning
	Days of Genocide

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Question 49(2 points)

In 1997, evidence is emerging of the complicated financial transactions between the Nazis and the European countries and businesses that profited by the genocide. Released on May 7, 1997, a United States study describes “one of the greatest thefts by a government in history.” This document report shows that between January 1939, and June 1945, Nazi Germany transferred $400 million (equivalent to $3.9 billion in today’s dollars) worth of looted gold to the ________, in exchange for foreign currency and materials vital to Germany’s war machine. This document report also documents that gold, jewelry, coins and melted down dental fillings of concentration camp victims were taken, mixed with plundered bank gold, and resmelted into gold bars that were traded to other countries.

Question 49 options:

	Swiss National Bank
	French National Bank
	Sweden National Bank

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Question 50(2 points)

It requires courage to remember the Holocaust, and to read the unimaginable testimonies to the twisted, vicious inventiveness of the human mind. But if the lost lives of these millions are to have an enduring meaning, we must _________. Then, the ashes and unmarked graves of these victims can become the sanctified ground from which human hope, tolerance and moral courage will rise.

Question 50 options:

	be vigilant
	remember
	speak-up
	all the above