Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion

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Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?

	ecosystem ? population ? organ system ? cell ? community ? molecule ? organ ? organism ? tissue
	cell ? molecule ? organ system ? organ ? population ? tissue ? organism ? ecosystem ? community
	organism ? organ system ? tissue ? population ? organ ? community ? cell ? ecosystem ? molecule
	molecule ? cell ? tissue ? organ ? organ system ? organism ? population ? community ? ecosystem
	ecosystem ? molecule ? cell ? tissue ? organism ? organ system ? organ ? community

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The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp’s nest (a colony of wasps), two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent

	a species.
	a community.
	a population.
	an ecosystem.
	the biosphere.

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The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is

	wind.
	sunlight.
	electricity.
	geothermal vents.
	radioactivity.

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A consumer eating a producer represents

	a transfer of chemical nutrients and energy.
	a transfer of chemical nutrients but not a transfer of energy.
	a transfer of energy but not a transfer of chemical nutrients.
	neither a transfer of chemical nutrients nor a transfer of energy.

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The formation of systems typically results in the appearance of novel characteristics called

	emergent properties.
	negentropic domains.
	disengaged traits.
	reoccurring phenomena.
	renewed characteristics.

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A scientist examining a group of cells under the microscope notices the presence of nuclei within these cells. Chemical tests reveal that each cell is photosynthetic and is surrounded by a wall composed of cellulose. These cells must come from an organism that is a member of the Kingdom

	Monera.
	Protista.
	Plantae.
	Fungi.
	Animalia.

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Which one of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin’s mechanism of natural selection?

	Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritable.
	Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment.
	Factors in the environment result in some organisms with better reproductive success than others.
	Natural selection is based in part on the overproduction of offspring.
	Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species.

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A hypothesis is

	the same as a theory.
	a tentative answer to some question.
	an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
	a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon.
	a widely accepted theory that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.

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A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that

	the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
	the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data.
	two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable.
	two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by two or more variables.
	one experiment is performed, but the scientist controls the variables.

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The nucleus of an atom contains

	protons and neutrons.
	protons and electrons.
	only neutrons.
	only protons.
	only electrons.

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Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that

	has a nucleus and a membrane.
	has a membrane, but no nucleus.
	makes up most of the tissues of your body.
	is much larger than most cells in your body.
	does not use DNA to code genetic information.

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Which of the following statements about radioactive isotopes is/are true?

	The nuclei of radioactive isotopes are unusually stable, but the atoms tend to lose electrons.
	When given a choice between radioactive and nonradioactive isotopes of the same atom, living cells are more likely to incorporate the radioactive isotopes into their structures.
	The tracers typically used for diagnosing medical problems remain radioactive in the body for a number of years, but give off very low levels of radioactive energy.
	The energy emitted by radioactive isotopes can break chemical bonds and cause molecular damage in cells.
	All of the choices are true.

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The smallest unit of an element is

	an atom.
	an electron.
	a neutron.
	a proton.

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In conducting a proper scientific experiment, which of the following would you not do?

	Conduct research into past experiments on the topic.
	Change the data that you collect so that it matches how you thought the experiment would come out.
	Formulate a hypothesis before you begin collecting data.
	Include a control group in your experiment.
	Repeat the experiment a number of times and make sure you have a large sample size.

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A(n) __________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

	ion
	element
	covalent bond
	ionic bond

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The term biodiversity refers to

	all of the non-living components of any ecosystem.
	how evolution specifically works by natural selection.
	the tremendous variety of life all around us on Earth.
	the amount of food available in any specific habitat.
	the fact that producers always make enough food for all consumers.

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In plants, the transport of water from roots to leaves against the force of gravity is possible due to this property of water:

	Water’s versatility as a solvent.
	Cohesion.
	Adhesion.
	Evaporative cooling.
	All of the above.

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The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules is critical to

	evaporative cooling of skin surfaces.
	the movement of water from the roots of a tree to its leaves.
	the milder temperatures of coastal regions compared to inland areas.
	the ability of certain insects to walk on the surface of water.
	all of these factors.

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As ice melts,

	hydrogen bonds are broken.
	water molecules become less tightly packed.
	the water becomes less dense.
	covalent bonds form.
	All of the choices are true.

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A solute is

	the dissolving agent of a solution.
	the liquid portion of a solution.
	usually water in living cells.
	the substance that is dissolved in solution.
	the dissolving agent of a solution, which is usually oxygen in living cells.

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Compared to a solution of pH3, a solution of pH1 is

	100 times more acidic.
	10 times more acidic.
	neutral.
	10 times more basic.
	100 times more basic.

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Carbon is able to form an immense diversity of organic molecules because of carbon’s

	tendency to form covalent bonds.
	ability to bond with up to four other atoms.
	capacity to form single and double bonds.
	ability to bond together to form extensive, branched, or unbranched carbon skeletons.
	All of the choices are correct.

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Many names for sugars end in the suffix

	-acid.
	-ose.
	-hyde.
	-ase.
	-ing.

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Which one of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

	sucrose, starch, and cellulose
	starch, amino acids, and glycogen
	cellulose, starch, and glycogen
	nucleotides, glycogen, and cellulose
	fructose, cellulose, and glucose

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A diet high in animal products may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because

	most animal fats are unsaturated and most animal products contain high levels of steroids.
	most animal fats are hydrogenated oils and most animal products contain high levels of phospholipids.
	most animal fats are used for energy storage and most animal products contain high levels of unsaturated fats.
	most animal fats are saturated and some animal products contain trans fats.
	most animal products contain high levels of unsaturated oils and anabolic steroids.

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Sucrose is formed

	from two glucose molecules.
	from two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis.
	when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides.
	when water molecules are added to two monosaccharides.
	when glucose and lactose are combined.

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DNA differs from RNA because DNA

	contains thymine in place of uracil.
	consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.
	contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose.
	contains phosphate groups not found in RNA.
	All of the above choices are correct.

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Glucose molecules are to starch as __________ are to proteins.

	oils
	amino acids
	fatty acids
	waxes
	lards

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29 of 30

Nucleotides

	contain nitrogenous bases.
	contain sugar molecules.
	contain phosphate groups.
	can be linked together to form nucleic acids.
	All of the choices are correct.

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Genetic information is encoded in the

	quaternary structure of a protein.
	sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
	degree of saturation of fatty acids.
	length of glycogen.
	linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

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